{
 "public_id": "AIR-2026-0249",
 "incident_id": "2026-09-microsoft-copilot-command-injection-cves",
 "date_disclosed": "2026-09-17",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "Two Copilot command-injection CVEs published 2026-09-17: privilege elevation in M365 Copilot (CVE-2026-85885, CVSS 9.9) and information disclosure in Microsoft Copilot (CVE-2026-55946)",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "enterprise_assistant",
 "initial_vector": "command_injection",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "command_construction",
  "retrieval"
 ],
 "target_product": "Microsoft 365 Copilot",
 "target_vendor": "Microsoft",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "privilege_escalation",
  "scope_violation",
  "information_disclosure",
  "data_exfiltration"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "Microsoft 365 Copilot (service-side; no product version listed)",
 "cve": [
  "CVE-2026-85885",
  "CVE-2026-55946"
 ],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI05",
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "command_injection",
   "privilege_escalation",
   "m365_copilot",
   "enterprise_assistant"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": null,
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "server-side (Microsoft, September 2026)",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-85885",
  "https://cveawg.mitre.org/api/cve/CVE-2026-85885",
  "https://cvebrief.com/archive/2026/09/18/",
  "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-55946",
  "https://cveawg.mitre.org/api/cve/CVE-2026-55946"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in M365 Copilot allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Same-day sibling MSRC advisories with identical CWE-77 boilerplate, fused 2026-09-21 into one record on the precedent of AIR-2026-0105 (two May 2026 M365 Copilot command-injection CVEs recorded together). CVE-2026-85885: CVSS 9.9 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), authorized attacker elevates privileges over a network in M365 Copilot. CVE-2026-55946: CVSS 6.1 base (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R), MSRC labels it Critical; unauthorized attacker discloses information over a network in Microsoft Copilot. Both published 2026-09-17, marked not exploited and not publicly disclosed, patched server-side. No researcher write-up or attack chain located; the verified quote is the official CVE description, which is the same boilerplate as AIR-2026-0105 and CVE-2026-33111, so it is not distinctive evidence on its own. Distinct CVEs from the May pair; the recurring class is itself notable.",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [
  "privacy"
 ],
 "risk_subcategory": "Unauthorized Access & Account Takeover",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "ai_as_target",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "vendor-classified command injection in Copilot; no model decision documented",
 "vector_family": "conventional_vulnerability",
 "vector_detail": "command_injection",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "unknown"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [
   "CVE-2026-85885",
   "CVE-2026-55946"
  ],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI05",
 "agent_framework": "m365_copilot",
 "model_provider": "microsoft",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "unknown",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "privilege_escalation",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "data_exfiltration_channels",
  "sensitive_data_exposure"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Unauthorized Access & Account Takeover",
 "asi_curated": [],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "rule",
 "asi_reason": "ASI05 (vector=code_exec); ASI03 (signal=identity)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}