{
 "public_id": "AIR-2026-0228",
 "incident_id": "2026-09-microsoft-sql-copilot-readonly-bypass",
 "date_disclosed": "2026-09-08",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "CVE-2026-65669: crafted instructions to SQL Copilot in SSMS 22 bypass its read-only restriction to read or modify database data",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "enterprise_assistant",
 "initial_vector": "crafted_instructions_prompt_injection",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "database_query_execution"
 ],
 "target_product": "SQL Copilot (SQL Server Management Studio 22)",
 "target_vendor": "Microsoft",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "unauthorized_database_access",
  "data_modification",
  "scope_violation"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "SQL Server Management Studio 22.0 up to 22.8.2 with SQL Copilot",
 "cve": [
  "CVE-2026-65669"
 ],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "prompt_injection",
   "read_only_bypass",
   "scope_violation",
   "sql_copilot"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "SQL Copilot read-only restriction",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "SQL Server Management Studio 22.8.2 (September 2026 Patch Tuesday)",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-65669",
  "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2026/9/8/the-september-2026-security-update-review",
  "https://www.automox.com/blog/patch-fix-tuesday-september-2026"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "This bug even has an AI component, as the attacker would need to convince a user to submit specially crafted instructions to SQL Copilot in SQL Server Management Studio.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "CVSS 9.6 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C). Microsoft-issued CVE titled 'SQL Server Elevation of Privilege'; the real mechanism is prompt injection against the SQL Copilot assistant. MSRC: not publicly disclosed, not exploited, exploitation 'Less Likely'. The flaw grants no new permissions - it lets the assistant act with the connected account's existing permissions despite a read-only expectation. Automox: 'That's a prompt-injection problem wearing a CVE number.' Fix is in SSMS, not the database engine.",
 "risk_category": "unmapped",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": true,
 "agency_reason": "crafted instructions make SQL Copilot read or modify data past its read-only restriction; a prompt-injection mechanism",
 "vector_family": "other",
 "vector_detail": "crafted_instructions_prompt_injection",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "permission_scope"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [
   "CVE-2026-65669"
  ],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "microsoft",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "unknown",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "privilege_escalation",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [],
 "eai_reason": "override: Crafted instructions make SQL Copilot exceed its read-only restriction and read or modify database data with the connected user's permissions: an agent operating past its granted privilege boundary. Rule pass left it unmapped because the MSRC advisory carries no impact_type or vector the rules recognise.",
 "asi_curated": [],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "rule",
 "asi_reason": "ASI01 (vector=injection); ASI03 (signal=identity)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}