{
 "public_id": "AIR-2026-0068",
 "incident_id": "2026-03-n8n-form-node-zero-click-rce",
 "date_disclosed": "2026-03-11",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "Zero-click unauthenticated RCE in n8n: a public contact form executes shell commands via Form node double-evaluation and a SpreadElement sandbox escape",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "agent_framework",
 "initial_vector": "unauthenticated_http_post_to_public_form",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "workflow_expression_evaluation",
  "credential_store_access"
 ],
 "target_product": "n8n Form nodes (/form/* endpoints)",
 "target_vendor": "n8n",
 "autonomy_level": "semi_autonomous",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "remote_code_execution",
  "credential_theft",
  "cross_tenant_exposure"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "50,000+ publicly exposed n8n forms",
 "cve": [
  "CVE-2026-27493",
  "CVE-2026-27577"
 ],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI04",
   "ASI05",
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "zero_click",
   "unauthenticated_rce",
   "sandbox_escape",
   "double_evaluation",
   "credential_vault_compromise"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "expression compiler sandbox",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "n8n 2.10.1, 2.9.3 and 1.123.22, released 2026-02-25",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://www.pillar.security/blog/zero-click-unauthenticated-rce-in-n8n-a-contact-form-that-executes-shell-commands"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "Anyone who can reach a public multi-step form with an HTML rendering can execute shell commands on the server.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Pillar Security (Eilon Cohen). CVE-2026-27493 (CVSS 9.5, Form node double-evaluation) and CVE-2026-27577 (CVSS 9.4, SpreadElement sandbox escape). Exploitation is a single form submission plus one GET. Access to N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY decrypts all stored AWS keys, DB passwords, OAuth tokens and API keys. Distinct from 2026-02-n8n-expression-sandbox-escape (that one requires an authenticated workflow author).",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "Credential & Secret Theft",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [
  "Remote Code Execution & Sandbox Escape"
 ],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "ai_as_target",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "unauthenticated zero-click RCE via a public n8n form",
 "vector_family": "conventional_vulnerability",
 "vector_detail": "unauthenticated_http_post_to_public_form",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "sandbox_isolation"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [
   "CVE-2026-27493",
   "CVE-2026-27577"
  ],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI04",
 "agent_framework": "n8n",
 "model_provider": "unknown",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "credential_theft",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "privilege_escalation"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Credential & Secret Theft",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI04"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI04 | added ASI05 (impact=code_exec), ASI03 (eai_category=credential_theft)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}