{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0154",
 "incident_id": "2025-10-trailofbits-prompt-injection-rce",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-10-22",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "Bypassing command allowlists turns prompt injection into RCE in three AI coding agents",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "coding_agent",
 "initial_vector": "indirect_prompt_injection_repository_content",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "shell_command_execution",
  "pre_approved_command_allowlist"
 ],
 "target_product": "Three unnamed AI coding agents (prior work cites Amazon Q, Claude Code, Cursor)",
 "target_vendor": "multiple",
 "autonomy_level": "copilot_with_approval",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "remote_code_execution"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "Agents relying on pre-approved command allowlists without sandboxing",
 "cve": [
  "CVE-2025-54795"
 ],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI05"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "argument_injection",
   "allowlist_bypass",
   "rce",
   "human_approval_bypass"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "Human approval prompts and pre-approved command allowlists",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": null,
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://blog.trailofbits.com/2025/10/22/prompt-injection-to-rce-in-ai-agents/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "Pre-approved commands create a security drawback: they expose an argument injection attack surface when user input can influence command parameters.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Author Will Vandevanter. Products unnamed 'due to ongoing coordinated disclosure'. CVE-2025-54795 (Claude Code) and GHSA-534m-3w6r-8pqr (Cursor) are cited as prior work, not as this post's own findings.",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "Prompt Injection",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [
  "Remote Code Execution & Sandbox Escape"
 ],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "the agents executed commands past their allowlists",
 "vector_family": "indirect_prompt_injection",
 "vector_detail": "indirect_prompt_injection_repository_content",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "human_approval",
  "permission_scope"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [
   "CVE-2025-54795"
  ],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "anthropic",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "privilege_escalation",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "confused_deputy"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "impact rule: privilege_escalation",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI05 (impact=code_exec)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}