{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0144",
 "incident_id": "2025-10-openai-scam-centres",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-10-07",
 "date_occurred": "2025",
 "title": "OpenAI disrupted scam-compound networks in Cambodia, Myanmar and Nigeria using ChatGPT for scaled fraud",
 "class": "in_the_wild",
 "attack_surface": "consumer_chatbot",
 "initial_vector": "direct_misuse_for_fraud_at_scale",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "translation",
  "persona_content_generation",
  "operational_administration"
 ],
 "target_product": "ChatGPT",
 "target_vendor": "OpenAI",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": true,
 "impact_type": [
  "fraud",
  "financial_loss"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "Multiple organised scam networks defrauding victims in multiple countries via fake investment firms and trading platforms",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI09"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "pig_butchering",
   "scam_compound",
   "scaling_tool"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "Usage policy enforcement",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "Networks banned",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://cdn.openai.com/threat-intelligence-reports/7d662b68-952f-4dfd-a2f2-fe55b041cc4a/disrupting-malicious-uses-of-ai-october-2025.pdf"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "We’ve disrupted further scam networks that appeared to originate from Cambodia, Myanmar and Nigeria.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Important counterweight to hype in this corpus. OpenAI's own finding is that scammers fit AI into existing playbooks rather than inventing AI-native ones: 'All of the scam operations we have identified and banned this year primarily used AI as a scaling and efficiency tool.' They also estimate ChatGPT is used to identify scams up to three times more often than to run them. No autonomous scam agent was observed.",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [
  "product_misuse"
 ],
 "risk_subcategory": "Unclassified",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "human_acted_on_output",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "ChatGPT produced scam content that human operators sent to victims",
 "vector_family": "misuse",
 "vector_detail": "direct_misuse_for_fraud_at_scale",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "abuse_detection"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI09",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "openai",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "vendor_disclosure",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "human_manipulation",
 "eai_domain": "agent_behaviour",
 "eai_secondary": [],
 "eai_reason": "impact rule: human_manipulation",
 "asi_curated": [],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "rule",
 "asi_reason": "ASI09 (eai_category=human_manipulation)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}