{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0141",
 "incident_id": "2025-10-perplexity-cometjacking",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-10-04",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "CometJacking: one crafted URL turns Perplexity Comet into a data thief via the collection parameter",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "browser_agent",
 "initial_vector": "malicious_url_query_parameter_injection",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "agent_memory_read",
  "connector_access_gmail_calendar",
  "outbound_http_request"
 ],
 "target_product": "Perplexity Comet",
 "target_vendor": "Perplexity",
 "autonomy_level": "semi_autonomous",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "data_exfiltration"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "Comet users with Gmail/Calendar connectors who click one link",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI04",
   "ASI02"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "one_click",
   "url_parameter_injection",
   "memory_read",
   "base64_encoding_bypass",
   "connector_abuse"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "Perplexity exfiltration guardrails on sensitive memory",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "none - Perplexity marked the 2025-08-27 report 'Not Applicable', stating it could not identify any security impact",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://layerxsecurity.com/blog/cometjacking-how-one-click-can-turn-perplexitys-comet-ai-browser-against-you/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "An attacker only needs to get a user to open a crafted link, which can be sent via email, an extension, or a malicious site, and sensitive Comet data can be exposed, extracted, and exfiltrated.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "The 'collection' URL parameter is set to an unrecognized value, which makes the assistant read from memory instead of doing a live web search; the rest of the query string is the injected instruction. Base64 encoding of the output defeated the exfiltration filter. Disputed: Perplexity closed the report as Not Applicable.",
 "risk_category": "privacy",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "Data Exfiltration via Context",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "Comet read memory and made the outbound exfiltration request",
 "vector_family": "malicious_component",
 "vector_detail": "malicious_url_query_parameter_injection",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "unknown"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "perplexity_comet",
 "model_provider": "unknown",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "unknown",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "data_exfiltration_channels",
 "eai_domain": "privacy",
 "eai_secondary": [],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Data Exfiltration via Context",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI04 (vector_family=malicious_component), ASI02 (impact=tool_misuse)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}