{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0132",
 "incident_id": "2025-09-flowiseai-custommcp-rce",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-09-13",
 "date_occurred": "2026-04-07",
 "title": "CVE-2025-59528: CVSS 10.0 code injection in Flowise CustomMCP node, exploited in the wild",
 "class": "in_the_wild",
 "attack_surface": "agent_framework",
 "initial_vector": "api_request_to_custommcp_node_config",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "mcp_server_configuration",
  "code_execution_node"
 ],
 "target_product": "FlowiseAI Flowise",
 "target_vendor": "FlowiseAI",
 "autonomy_level": "semi_autonomous",
 "impact_realized": true,
 "impact_type": [
  "remote_code_execution",
  "full_host_compromise"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "12,000-15,000 Flowise instances exposed on the public internet at the time exploitation began",
 "cve": [
  "CVE-2025-59528"
 ],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI05"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "code_injection",
   "unsafe_eval",
   "exploited_in_the_wild",
   "agent_builder",
   "mcp_config"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "API token required; no validation of mcpServerConfig content",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "Flowise 3.0.6",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-3gcm-f6qx-ff7p",
  "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/max-severity-flowise-rce-vulnerability-now-exploited-in-attacks/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "user input is directly passed to the `Function()` constructor, which evaluates and executes the input as JavaScript code.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Advisory GHSA-3gcm-f6qx-ff7p, CVSS 10.0, published 2025-09-13. VulnCheck's Canary network detected first in-the-wild exploitation on 2026-04-07 from a single Starlink IP - hence class in_the_wild and impact_realized true (real instances hit). Flowise also had CVE-2025-8943 and CVE-2025-26319 under active exploitation. Separate later Flowise RCEs: CVE-2026-41265 (Airtable_Agent code injection) and CVE-2026-40933 (MCP stdio, part of the OX cluster).",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "Remote Code Execution & Sandbox Escape",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "ai_as_target",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "CVSS 10.0 code injection in a Flowise node, exploited in the wild",
 "vector_family": "other",
 "vector_detail": "api_request_to_custommcp_node_config",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "authentication"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [
   "CVE-2025-59528"
  ],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI05",
 "agent_framework": "flowise",
 "model_provider": "unknown",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "unknown",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "privilege_escalation",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Remote Code Execution & Sandbox Escape",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI05"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI05",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}