{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0108",
 "incident_id": "2025-08-perplexity-comet-brave-injection",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-08-20",
 "date_occurred": "2025-07-25",
 "title": "Brave: indirect prompt injection in Perplexity Comet via hidden Reddit comment steals Gmail OTP",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "browser_agent",
 "initial_vector": "indirect_prompt_injection_web_page",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "page_summarization",
  "cross_site_navigation",
  "authenticated_session_reuse",
  "form_submission",
  "authenticated_browsing",
  "email_read"
 ],
 "target_product": "Perplexity Comet",
 "target_vendor": "Perplexity",
 "autonomy_level": "semi_autonomous",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "data_exfiltration",
  "credential_theft",
  "account_takeover"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "all Comet users who summarize an attacker-controlled page",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "indirect_prompt_injection",
   "hidden_text",
   "spoiler_tag",
   "otp_theft",
   "same_origin_policy_irrelevant",
   "agentic_browser",
   "cross_site_action"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "none effective at disclosure time; user/page content not separated in the model context",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "partial - Perplexity patched 2025-07-27 and again by 2025-08-13, but Brave's update states the attack class was still not fully mitigated",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://brave.com/blog/comet-prompt-injection/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "Traditional protections such as same-origin policy (SOP) or cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) are all effectively useless",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "First widely-cited agentic-browser injection disclosure. Payload hidden behind a Reddit spoiler tag; on 'Summarize this page' Comet navigated to the Perplexity account page to read the user's email, then to Gmail to read a one-time password, then posted both back as a Reddit reply. No known real-world victim. Brave timeline: reported 2025-07-25, disclosed 2025-08-20. | Merged from duplicate id `2025-08-perplexity-comet-reddit-injection`. Also reported as: 'Indirect prompt injection in Perplexity Comet: page content drives account takeover and OTP theft'.",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [
  "privacy"
 ],
 "risk_subcategory": "Prompt Injection",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [
  "Credential & Secret Theft",
  "Unauthorized Access & Account Takeover"
 ],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "Comet navigated to Gmail and exfiltrated the OTP",
 "vector_family": "indirect_prompt_injection",
 "vector_detail": "indirect_prompt_injection_web_page",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "none"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "not_applicable",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "unknown",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "unknown",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "data_exfiltration_channels",
 "eai_domain": "privacy",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "credential_theft",
  "privilege_escalation",
  "confused_deputy"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "impact rule: data_exfiltration_channels",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI03 (signal=identity)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}