{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0090",
 "incident_id": "2025-08-openhands-zombai",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-08-10",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "OpenHands ZombAI: prompt injection to remote code execution and C2",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "coding_agent",
 "initial_vector": "indirect_prompt_injection_web_content",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "web_browsing",
  "shell_command_execution",
  "code_execution",
  "network_egress",
  "token_access"
 ],
 "target_product": "OpenHands",
 "target_vendor": "All Hands AI",
 "autonomy_level": "fully_autonomous",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "remote_code_execution",
  "c2_control",
  "credential_theft",
  "code_execution",
  "remote_control"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "OpenHands hosts and their compute and API keys",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI05",
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "zombai",
   "c2",
   "indirect_prompt_injection",
   "lethal_trifecta"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "none by default",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "not fixed at publication; reported 2025-03-13, 140+ days without substantive response",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2025/openhands-remote-code-execution-zombai/",
  "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "Agents are naive systems, and untrusted data on for instance a website, can lead to remote code execution and full system compromise, including compromise of all compute resources, sensitive information and API keys on the host.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Month of AI Bugs 2025. Also reported as: 'ZombAI exploit with OpenHands: prompt injection to remote code execution and token leakage'.",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "Prompt Injection",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [
  "Credential & Secret Theft",
  "Remote Code Execution & Sandbox Escape",
  "Persistence & Covert C2"
 ],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "OpenHands executed the injected commands and established C2",
 "vector_family": "indirect_prompt_injection",
 "vector_detail": "indirect_prompt_injection_web_content",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "none"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "not_applicable",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "unknown",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "credential_theft",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "privilege_escalation",
  "confused_deputy"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "impact rule: credential_theft",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI05 (impact=code_exec), ASI03 (eai_category=credential_theft)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}