{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0075",
 "incident_id": "2025-08-openai-codex-zombai",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-08-02",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "Turning ChatGPT Codex into a ZombAI agent via the Azure domain allowlist",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "coding_agent",
 "initial_vector": "indirect_prompt_injection_github_issue",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "shell_command_execution",
  "network_egress",
  "code_execution"
 ],
 "target_product": "ChatGPT Codex",
 "target_vendor": "OpenAI",
 "autonomy_level": "fully_autonomous",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "remote_code_execution",
  "c2_control",
  "data_exfiltration",
  "remote_control",
  "code_execution"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "Codex environments with internet access enabled",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI05"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "zombai",
   "allowlist_abuse",
   "c2",
   "indirect_prompt_injection",
   "remote_control"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "Common Dependencies Allowlist restricting egress; it permits azure.com, so C2 can be hosted on an Azure VM",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "not fixed - OpenAI closed the 2025-06-10 report as Not Applicable",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2025/chatgpt-codex-remote-control-zombai/",
  "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "With Internet access enabled, an attacker can use indirect prompt injection (for instance a description in a GitHub issue) to hijack Codex and run arbitrary code.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Month of AI Bugs 2025. Also reported as: 'Turning ChatGPT Codex into a ZombAI agent via prompt injection'.",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [
  "privacy"
 ],
 "risk_subcategory": "Prompt Injection",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [
  "Remote Code Execution & Sandbox Escape",
  "Persistence & Covert C2"
 ],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "Codex executed the injected commands and established C2",
 "vector_family": "indirect_prompt_injection",
 "vector_detail": "indirect_prompt_injection_github_issue",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "sandbox_isolation",
  "permission_scope"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "codex_cli",
 "model_provider": "multiple",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "privilege_escalation",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "data_exfiltration_channels",
  "confused_deputy"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "impact rule: privilege_escalation",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI05 (impact=code_exec)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}