{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0070",
 "incident_id": "2025-07-trailofbits-mas-hijacking-adk",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-07-31",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "PajaMAS: hijacking multi-agent systems built on Google's Agent Development Kit",
 "class": "research_demo",
 "attack_surface": "multi_agent_system",
 "initial_vector": "inter_agent_message_injection",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "agent_to_agent_messaging",
  "shared_memory",
  "tool_use"
 ],
 "target_product": "Google Agent Development Kit (ADK)",
 "target_vendor": "Google",
 "autonomy_level": "semi_autonomous",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "arbitrary_code_execution",
  "agent_hijack"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "Multi-agent systems using ADK topologies",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI07",
   "ASI05",
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "multi_agent",
   "confused_deputy",
   "mas_hijacking"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": null,
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": null,
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://blog.trailofbits.com/2025/07/31/hijacking-multi-agent-systems-in-your-pajamas/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "This is the fault in our agents: they're confused deputies laundering malicious data from other agents.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Author Suha Sabi Hussain. Released seven demo systems (simple_mas, tool_mas, agent_memory_mas, trifecta_mas, cycle_mas, url_anchor_mas, defense_mas).",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "Remote Code Execution & Sandbox Escape",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [
  "Multi-agent contagion"
 ],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "injected inter-agent messages drove code execution in the MAS",
 "vector_family": "other",
 "vector_detail": "inter_agent_message_injection",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "unknown"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "google",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "privilege_escalation",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "confused_deputy"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Remote Code Execution & Sandbox Escape",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI07 (vector=inter_agent), ASI05 (impact=code_exec), ASI03 (signal=identity)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}