{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0039",
 "incident_id": "2025-06-microsoft-echoleak",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-06-11",
 "date_occurred": "2025-01",
 "title": "EchoLeak: zero-click data exfiltration from Microsoft 365 Copilot via an emailed LLM scope violation",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "enterprise_assistant",
 "initial_vector": "indirect_prompt_injection_email",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "retrieval",
  "auto_context_ingestion",
  "link_rendering",
  "image_auto_fetch",
  "image_autofetch"
 ],
 "target_product": "Microsoft 365 Copilot",
 "target_vendor": "Microsoft",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "data_exfiltration"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "All Microsoft 365 Copilot tenants; exposure covers chat history, OneDrive, SharePoint, Teams and preloaded org data",
 "cve": [
  "CVE-2025-32711"
 ],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [
   "AML.CS0059"
  ],
  "labels": [
   "zero_click",
   "scope_violation",
   "rag_spraying",
   "indirect_prompt_injection",
   "csp_bypass",
   "classifier_bypass"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "XPIA classifier and link redaction",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "Server-side; Microsoft advisory states the issue was fully addressed with no customer action required",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://www.catonetworks.com/blog/breaking-down-echoleak/",
  "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-32711",
  "https://www.cybersecuritydive.com/news/flaw-microsoft-copilot-zero-click-attack/750456/",
  "https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10540",
  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-atlas/atlas-data/main/dist/v6/ATLAS-2026.07.yaml"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "Aim Labs has identified a critical zero-click AI vulnerability, dubbed “EchoLeak”, in Microsoft 365 (M365) Copilot and has disclosed several chains involving this vulnerability to Microsoft’s MSRC team.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "The original Aim Security disclosure now resolves to Cato Networks after the acquisition; the Cato mirror is the originating Aim Labs writeup. Microsoft’s MSRC advisory independently records the CVE and states that the service-side issue was fully mitigated. | Merged from duplicate id `2025-06-aim-echoleak`. Also reported under the titles: 'EchoLeak: zero-click data exfiltration from Microsoft 365 Copilot via a crafted email'; 'EchoLeak: zero-click prompt-injection data exfiltration from Microsoft 365 Copilot'.",
 "risk_category": "privacy",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "Data Exfiltration via Context",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "Copilot auto-ingested the email and auto-fetched the exfiltration image",
 "vector_family": "indirect_prompt_injection",
 "vector_detail": "indirect_prompt_injection_email",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "input_classifier",
  "output_filter"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [
   "AML.CS0059"
  ],
  "cve": [
   "CVE-2025-32711"
  ],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "m365_copilot",
 "model_provider": "microsoft",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "unknown",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "data_exfiltration_channels",
 "eai_domain": "privacy",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "confused_deputy"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Data Exfiltration via Context",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI03 (signal=identity)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}