{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0010",
 "incident_id": "2025-02-microsoft-copilot-wayback-private-repos",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-02-26",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "Wayback Copilot: Microsoft Copilot served content from GitHub repositories that had since been made private",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "enterprise_assistant",
 "initial_vector": "retrieval_from_stale_search_cache",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "web_retrieval",
  "search_index_access"
 ],
 "target_product": "Microsoft Copilot (Bing-backed retrieval)",
 "target_vendor": "Microsoft",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": true,
 "impact_type": [
  "data_exposure",
  "credential_theft"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "20,580 repositories from 16,290 organizations were identified through the caching mechanism; the researchers also found 300+ private tokens, keys, and secrets",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "zombie_data",
   "retrieval_boundary_failure",
   "stale_index",
   "secret_exposure"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "repository visibility controls on GitHub",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "partial mitigation; Microsoft classified the issue as low severity",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://www.lasso.security/blog/lasso-major-vulnerability-in-microsoft-copilot",
  "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1174/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "Our suspicions were confirmed when Copilot returned actual data from the time when the repository was public, seemingly retrieving a cached snapshot of “Zombie Data” - data that the user think is private or deleted, but is still accessible.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Lasso Security demonstrated that Copilot could return actual cached contents from repositories that had become private, then scaled the search and reported 20,580 repositories, 16,290 affected organizations, and 300+ private tokens, keys, and secrets. AI Incident Database incident 1174.",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [
  "privacy"
 ],
 "risk_subcategory": "Credential & Secret Theft",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": true,
 "agency_reason": "Copilot retrieved and served the stale private repository content on request",
 "vector_family": "other",
 "vector_detail": "retrieval_from_stale_search_cache",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "unknown"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [
   1174
  ],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI03",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "microsoft",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "credential_theft",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "sensitive_data_exposure"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Credential & Secret Theft",
 "asi_curated": [],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "rule",
 "asi_reason": "ASI03 (eai_category=credential_theft)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}