{
 "public_id": "AIR-2025-0001",
 "incident_id": "2025-01-microsoft-copilot-image-idor",
 "date_disclosed": "2025-01-02",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "Microsoft 365 Copilot generated images were accessible without authentication",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "enterprise_assistant",
 "initial_vector": "insecure_direct_object_reference",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "image_generation_tool"
 ],
 "target_product": "Microsoft 365 Copilot (BizChat) designer_graphic_art tool",
 "target_vendor": "Microsoft",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "unauthorized_data_access"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "enterprise M365 Copilot tenants generating images",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "idor",
   "missing_authentication",
   "tool_output_exposure"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "none on the generated-image URLs",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "fixed by mid-December 2024; reported to MSRC late September 2024",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2025/m365-copilot-image-generation-without-authentication/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "With the rapid adoption and roll-out of new features, basic security principles are often overlooked in favor of rapid feature deployment.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Not a prompt-injection bug: a plain authorization failure in the storage of an agent tool's output.",
 "risk_category": "privacy",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "Control bypass in normal operation",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "risk_override_reason": "other tenants' generated images were retrievable without authentication",
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "ai_as_target",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "a plain IDOR in the storage of the image tool's output",
 "vector_family": "other",
 "vector_detail": "insecure_direct_object_reference",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "none"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "not_applicable",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI03",
 "agent_framework": "m365_copilot",
 "model_provider": "microsoft",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "privilege_escalation",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Control bypass in normal operation",
 "asi_curated": [],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "rule",
 "asi_reason": "ASI03 (eai_category=privilege_escalation, no code execution)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}