{
 "public_id": "AIR-2024-0048",
 "incident_id": "2024-12-terminal-dillma",
 "date_disclosed": "2024-12-06",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "Terminal DiLLMa: LLM-powered CLI apps hijack the terminal via ANSI escape codes in model output",
 "class": "research_demo",
 "attack_surface": "coding_agent",
 "initial_vector": "indirect_prompt_injection_document",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "terminal_output_rendering"
 ],
 "target_product": "LLM-powered CLI applications (demonstrated with GPT-4o and Gemini)",
 "target_vendor": "multiple",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "data_exfiltration",
  "denial_of_service",
  "unauthorized_action"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "any CLI tool that prints unsanitized LLM output to a terminal",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI02"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "ansi_escape_codes",
   "output_rendering",
   "clipboard_theft",
   "dns_exfiltration"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "none",
 "defense_bypassed": null,
 "fix_shipped": "no vendor patch; the post proposes sanitizing LLM output before terminal rendering",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2024/terminal-dillmas-prompt-injection-ansi-sequences/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "It is important for developers and application designers to consider the context in which they insert LLM output, as the output is untrusted and could contain arbitrary data.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Johann Rehberger. Foundational for the 2026 macOS Terminal DNS-exfiltration follow-up.",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [
  "privacy"
 ],
 "risk_subcategory": "Prompt Injection",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "model output emitted ANSI sequences that hijacked the terminal",
 "vector_family": "indirect_prompt_injection",
 "vector_detail": "indirect_prompt_injection_document",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "none"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "not_applicable",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "multiple",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "unsafe_actuation",
 "eai_domain": "agent_behaviour",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "data_exfiltration_channels",
  "uncontrolled_resource_consumption",
  "confused_deputy"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "impact rule: unsafe_actuation",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI02 (impact=tool_misuse)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}