{
 "public_id": "AIR-2024-0038",
 "incident_id": "2024-08-microsoft-copilot-ascii-smuggling-exfil",
 "date_disclosed": "2024-08-26",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "Microsoft 365 Copilot: prompt injection to automatic tool invocation and ASCII-smuggled data exfiltration",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "enterprise_assistant",
 "initial_vector": "indirect_prompt_injection_email",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "retrieval",
  "automatic_tool_invocation",
  "hyperlink_rendering"
 ],
 "target_product": "Microsoft 365 Copilot",
 "target_vendor": "Microsoft",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "data_exfiltration",
  "pii_disclosure"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "M365 Copilot tenants",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI02"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "ascii_smuggling",
   "unicode_tags",
   "automatic_tool_invocation",
   "email_injection"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "Copilot content handling and hyperlink rendering",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "fixed by Microsoft around May 2024; mitigation details not publicly disclosed",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2024/m365-copilot-prompt-injection-tool-invocation-and-data-exfil-using-ascii-smuggling/"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "This vulnerability warrants a deep dive, because it combines a variety of novel attack techniques that are not even two years old.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Johann Rehberger. Demonstrated exfiltration of emails, MFA codes and sales data. Microsoft reviewed the draft before publication.",
 "risk_category": "privacy",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "PII Leakage",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [
  "Data Exfiltration via Context"
 ],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "Copilot auto-invoked tools and rendered the smuggled exfiltration link",
 "vector_family": "indirect_prompt_injection",
 "vector_detail": "indirect_prompt_injection_email",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "unknown"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "m365_copilot",
 "model_provider": "microsoft",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "sensitive_data_exposure",
 "eai_domain": "privacy",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "data_exfiltration_channels",
  "confused_deputy"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: PII Leakage",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI02 (impact=tool_misuse)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}