{
 "public_id": "AIR-2024-0013",
 "incident_id": "2024-03-openai-chatgpt-plugin-flaws",
 "date_disclosed": "2024-03-13",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "Salt Labs: three flaws in ChatGPT plugins allowed silent plugin installation and zero-click takeover of third-party accounts",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "skill_plugin",
 "initial_vector": "oauth_state_and_authorization_flaws_in_plugin_ecosystem",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "third_party_tool_authorization",
  "delegated_account_access"
 ],
 "target_product": "ChatGPT plugins; PluginLab.AI framework; AskTheCode, ScholarAI, KeyMateAI, Kesem AI",
 "target_vendor": "OpenAI and third-party plugin developers",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "account_takeover",
  "data_exfiltration"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "dozens of plugins built on PluginLab; any ChatGPT user who clicked an attacker link",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI05",
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "plugin_ecosystem",
   "oauth_state_missing",
   "redirect_uri_manipulation",
   "zero_click"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "OAuth approval flow for plugin installation",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "all issues remediated by OpenAI and the third-party vendors before publication",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://salt.security/blog/security-flaws-within-chatgpt-extensions-allowed-access-to-accounts-on-third-party-websites-and-sensitive-data"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "The attacker can send the following link (a legitimate link to the chatgpt.openai.com domain) to a victim",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "The earliest well-documented agent-plugin-ecosystem authorization failure. (1) ChatGPT did not validate that the user initiated plugin installation, letting an attacker install an arbitrary plugin on a victim account; (2) PluginLab's /oauth/authorize did not authenticate by member ID, giving zero-click takeover - via AskTheCode this reached victims' private GitHub repos; (3) unvalidated redirect URIs in plugins such as Kesem AI leaked authorization codes. Discovered Jun-Sep 2023, disclosed Jul-Sep 2023, published Mar 2024. Salt notes GPTs improved on plugins. No evidence of exploitation in the wild.",
 "is_umbrella": true,
 "umbrella_constituents": [],
 "umbrella_reason": "One coordinated Salt Labs disclosure covering three plugin flaws; no constituent records.",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [
  "privacy"
 ],
 "risk_subcategory": "Unauthorized Access & Account Takeover",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "ai_as_target",
 "agency_debatable": true,
 "agency_reason": "OAuth/authorization flaws in the plugin ecosystem, exploited conventionally",
 "vector_family": "other",
 "vector_detail": "oauth_state_and_authorization_flaws_in_plugin_ecosystem",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "human_approval",
  "authentication"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI05",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "openai",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "unknown",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "privilege_escalation",
 "eai_domain": "access_control_and_permissions",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "data_exfiltration_channels"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Unauthorized Access & Account Takeover",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI05",
  "ASI03"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI05,ASI03",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}