{
 "public_id": "AIR-2023-0023",
 "incident_id": "2023-10-cruise-pedestrian-drag",
 "date_disclosed": "2023-10-03",
 "date_occurred": "2023-10-02",
 "title": "Cruise robotaxi ran over a pedestrian thrown into its lane, then dragged her 20 feet while attempting a pullover manoeuvre",
 "class": "safety_failure",
 "attack_surface": "autonomous_ops",
 "initial_vector": "none_autonomous_action",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "autonomous_driving",
  "post_collision_manoeuvre",
  "physical_actuation"
 ],
 "target_product": "Cruise autonomous vehicle",
 "target_vendor": "Cruise (General Motors)",
 "autonomy_level": "fully_autonomous",
 "impact_realized": true,
 "impact_type": [
  "physical_safety",
  "financial_loss"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "one pedestrian critically injured; Cruise's entire US driverless permit and operation",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "no_adversary",
   "post_collision_behaviour",
   "physical_world",
   "company_ending",
   "regulatory_suspension"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "collision detection and pullover logic",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "Cruise suspended all driverless operations; CA DMV revoked permits; settled for $8-12M",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://sfstandard.com/2024/05/15/cruise-settlement-san-francisco-woman-dragged/",
  "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/726"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "A pedestrian was struck late Monday by a hit-and-run driver and thrown into an adjacent lane and hit a second time by the Cruise robotaxi, which was not able to stop in time, the company said.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "The severity came from the agent's post-collision decision: it executed a pullover manoeuvre while the pedestrian was underneath, dragging her ~20 feet. Cruise's initial disclosure omitted the dragging, which drove the regulatory response. Highest-consequence autonomous-agent safety failure in the corpus by organisational outcome. AI Incident Database incident 726.",
 "risk_category": "safety_harm",
 "risk_secondary": [
  "security_fraud",
  "legal_ip"
 ],
 "risk_subcategory": "Physical Injury by Autonomous Action",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "non_generative_autonomy",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "the vehicle ran over and then dragged the pedestrian",
 "vector_family": "none_autonomous",
 "vector_detail": "none_autonomous_action",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "physical_safety_system"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "silent",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [
   726
  ],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "none",
 "agent_framework": "robotaxi_stack",
 "model_provider": "none",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "unknown",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "unsafe_actuation",
 "eai_domain": "agent_behaviour",
 "eai_secondary": [],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Physical Injury by Autonomous Action",
 "asi_curated": [],
 "asi_scope": "out_of_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "out_of_scope",
 "asi_reason": "out of scope: non_generative_autonomy: no ASI mechanism describes the failure",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}