{
 "public_id": "AIR-2023-0011",
 "incident_id": "2023-05-openai-cross-plugin-request-forgery",
 "date_disclosed": "2023-05-28",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "Cross Plugin Request Forgery: ChatGPT as a confused deputy between plugins",
 "class": "responsible_disclosure",
 "attack_surface": "skill_plugin",
 "initial_vector": "indirect_prompt_injection_web_content",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "cross_plugin_invocation",
  "email_access"
 ],
 "target_product": "ChatGPT Plugins (including Zapier)",
 "target_vendor": "OpenAI",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "data_exfiltration",
  "pii_disclosure",
  "unauthorized_action"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "ChatGPT plugin users",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [],
  "labels": [
   "confused_deputy",
   "cross_plugin",
   "cprf"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "none initially; Zapier later added authenticated confirmation for sensitive operations",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "partially mitigated by Zapier; no generic OpenAI-side fix at publication",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2023/chatgpt-cross-plugin-request-forgery-and-prompt-injection./"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "Random webpages and data will hijack your AI, steal your stuff and spend your money.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Johann Rehberger. Coins Cross Plugin Request Forgery (CPRF), the direct ancestor of today's cross-MCP confused-deputy attacks.",
 "risk_category": "security_fraud",
 "risk_secondary": [
  "privacy"
 ],
 "risk_subcategory": "Prompt Injection",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [
  "Unauthorized financial commitment"
 ],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "ChatGPT invoked a second plugin as a confused deputy",
 "vector_family": "indirect_prompt_injection",
 "vector_detail": "indirect_prompt_injection_web_content",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "none"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "not_applicable",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "openai",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "unsafe_actuation",
 "eai_domain": "agent_behaviour",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "data_exfiltration_channels",
  "sensitive_data_exposure",
  "confused_deputy"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "impact rule: unsafe_actuation",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI03 (signal=identity)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}