{
 "public_id": "AIR-2023-0008",
 "incident_id": "2023-05-openai-webpilot-markdown-exfil",
 "date_disclosed": "2023-05-01",
 "date_occurred": null,
 "title": "ChatGPT plugin conversation exfiltration via markdown image rendering and cross-plugin request forgery",
 "class": "research_demo",
 "attack_surface": "enterprise_assistant",
 "initial_vector": "indirect_prompt_injection_web_page",
 "agent_capability_abused": [
  "plugin_invocation",
  "web_retrieval",
  "image_rendering",
  "plugin_web_retrieval",
  "markdown_image_rendering",
  "cross_plugin_invocation"
 ],
 "target_product": "OpenAI ChatGPT (WebPilot / Expedia plugins)",
 "target_vendor": "OpenAI",
 "autonomy_level": "assistant",
 "impact_realized": false,
 "impact_type": [
  "data_exfiltration",
  "unauthorized_tool_invocation",
  "unauthorized_transaction"
 ],
 "blast_radius": "ChatGPT plugin users who retrieved attacker-controlled pages",
 "cve": [],
 "taxonomy": {
  "owasp_asi": [
   "ASI01",
   "ASI03"
  ],
  "mitre_atlas": [
   "AML.CS0021"
  ],
  "labels": [
   "markdown_image_exfil",
   "cross_plugin_request_forgery",
   "confused_deputy",
   "image_markdown_exfiltration",
   "cross_plugin",
   "context_overexposure"
  ]
 },
 "defense_present": "none",
 "defense_bypassed": true,
 "fix_shipped": "not fixed - OpenAI told the researcher image markdown injection is a feature with no planned mitigation; notified 2023-04-09",
 "primary_sources": [
  "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2023/chatgpt-webpilot-data-exfil-via-markdown-injection/",
  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-atlas/atlas-data/main/dist/v6/ATLAS-2026.07.yaml"
 ],
 "verified_quote": "The individual controlling the data a plugin retrieves can exfiltrate chat history due to ChatGPT’s rendering of markdown images.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "notes": "Johann Rehberger (Embrace The Red). Coined 'Cross Plugin Request Forgery'. Roman Samoilenko independently found the markdown-image exfil channel earlier. | Merged from duplicate id `2023-05-openai-chatgpt-plugin-markdown-exfil`. Also reported as: 'ChatGPT plugins: data exfiltration via images and cross plugin request forgery (WebPilot)'.",
 "risk_category": "privacy",
 "risk_secondary": [],
 "risk_subcategory": "Data Exfiltration via Context",
 "risk_sub_secondary": [],
 "ai_entity": "generative",
 "agency": "agent_acted",
 "agency_debatable": false,
 "agency_reason": "the assistant rendered the markdown image, fetching the attacker URL itself",
 "vector_family": "indirect_prompt_injection",
 "vector_detail": "indirect_prompt_injection_web_page",
 "guardrail_kind": [
  "none"
 ],
 "guardrail_outcome": "not_applicable",
 "xrefs": {
  "aiid": [],
  "atlas": [
   "AML.CS0021"
  ],
  "cve": [],
  "ghsa": []
 },
 "primary_asi": "ASI01",
 "agent_framework": "unknown",
 "model_provider": "openai",
 "model_name": "",
 "detection_mechanism": "external_researcher",
 "tool_access": "unknown",
 "financial_loss_band": "unknown",
 "eai_category": "data_exfiltration_channels",
 "eai_domain": "privacy",
 "eai_secondary": [
  "unsafe_actuation",
  "confused_deputy"
 ],
 "eai_reason": "subcategory: Data Exfiltration via Context",
 "asi_curated": [
  "ASI01"
 ],
 "asi_scope": "in_scope",
 "asi_provenance": "curated_plus_rule",
 "asi_reason": "curated: ASI01 | added ASI03 (signal=identity)",
 "submitted_by": "EAI Internal"
}